The impeller of the vortex pump is a uniformly thick disk with many radial small blades on both sides of its outer edge. There is a circular flow channel with equal cross-section on the pump casing corresponding to the blade, and the entire flow channel is divided into suction and discharge sides by a tongue, which are respectively connected to the suction and discharge pipelines of the pump. When the liquid in the pump rotates together with the impeller, a certain centrifugal force is generated, which is thrown outward into the annular flow channel in the pump casing and forced to flow back under the restriction of the flow channel shape. It then enters another flow channel from the root of the blade again. Therefore, the motion trajectory of the liquid between the blades and the annular flow channel is a forward spiral for a stationary pump casing; For a rotating impeller, it is a receding spiral. The vortex pump is named after the vortex motion of liquids. Liquid can continuously enter between the blades multiple times to obtain energy until it is discharged from the outlet. The operation of a vortex pump is somewhat similar to that of a multi-stage centrifugal pump, but the vortex pump does not have energy conversion devices like the volute or guide vanes of a centrifugal pump. The vortex pump mainly transfers energy to the liquid through multiple continuous operations, so it can generate high pressure. During the process of energy transfer, due to multiple impacts of the liquid, there is a significant loss of energy, resulting in a low efficiency of the pump, typically ranging from 20% to 50%. Vortex pumps are only suitable for situations that require low flow rates (1-40 m3/h) and high head (up to 250 meters), such as fire pumps, gasoline pumps on aircraft refueling trucks, and small boiler feed pumps. Vortex pumps can transport highly volatile and gas containing liquids, but should not be used to transport thicker liquids with viscosity greater than 7 Pa · s and unclean liquids containing solid particles. The characteristics of a vortex pump are low flow rate, high head, and self-priming function. It can be used to transport solid particles with viscosity less than 5 degrees E and liquids similar to water. Such as gasoline, kerosene, alcohol, etc., can be used for small steam boiler water replenishment, chemical, pharmaceutical, high-rise water supply and other purposes. The overcurrent components are also made of materials such as stainless steel, which can be used to transport corrosive liquids such as acids and alkalis. The temperature of the conveying medium is -20~+80 degrees. From the structure, it can be divided into:; Single level, dual level, multi-level; Direct connection form, etc.

Working principle
Vortex pump (also known as vortex pump) is a type of impeller pump. Mainly composed of impeller, pump body, and pump cover. The impeller is a disc with blades arranged radially and uniformly around its circumference. A circular flow channel is formed between the pump body and the impeller, with the suction and discharge ports located at the outer circumference of the impeller. There is a partition between the suction port and the discharge port, which separates them.
We divide the liquid inside the pump into two parts: the liquid between the blades and the liquid inside the flow channel. When the impeller rotates, under the action of centrifugal force, the circumferential velocity of the liquid in the impeller is greater than that in the flow channel, thus forming the "annular flow" shown in Figure 1. Furthermore, due to the liquid following the impeller from the suction port to the discharge port, the combined result of these two movements causes the liquid to generate a "longitudinal vortex" that rotates in the same direction as the impeller. Therefore, it was named the vortex pump. It should be noted that the circumferential velocity of liquid particles in the pump body flow channel is smaller than that of the impeller.
During the longitudinal vortex process, liquid particles enter the impeller blades multiple times and transfer energy to the liquid particles in the flow channel through the impeller blades. Every time a liquid particle passes through a blade, it gains energy. This is also the reason why vortex pumps have higher head than other vane pumps under the same impeller outer diameter. Not all liquid particles pass through the impeller, and as the flow rate increases, the "annular flow" weakens. When the flow rate is zero, the "circular flow" is strong and the head is high. Due to the fact that the liquid in the channel transfers energy through liquid impact. At the same time, it also causes significant impact losses, so the efficiency of the vortex pump is relatively low.

The purpose of vortex pump
The W-type single-stage direct connected vortex pump is used for suction and delivery of clean water or liquids with physical and chemical properties similar to water. The liquid temperature does not exceed 60 degrees Celsius and is commonly used in boiler feedwater matching. It has a wide range of applications in shipbuilding, textile, chemical, metallurgical, machinery manufacturing, aquaculture, fixed fire pressure stabilization, heat exchanger groups, agricultural remote sprinkler irrigation and other departments.
The characteristics of small volume and light weight of vortex pumps have great advantages in ship installations.
Having self-priming ability or achieving self-priming with the help of simple devices.
It has a steep head characteristic curve, therefore, it is insensitive to pressure fluctuations in the system.
Some vortex pumps can achieve gas-liquid mixed flow. This is of great significance for pumping volatile liquids containing gases and high-temperature liquids with high vaporization pressure.
The structure of the vortex pump is simple, and the casting and processing technology are easy to implement. Some vortex pump parts can also use non-metallic materials, such as plastic, nylon molded impellers, etc.