The minimum radius in the chart applies to metal pipes made of low-carbon steel, copper, or similar materials. Relatively larger radii are suitable for harder steels, stainless steels, etc

Table usage method:
1. Based on the outer diameter and wall thickness of the metal tube, search for the corresponding position in the table to obtain the minimum radius of the metal tube. This mold is considered a standard mold.
If a larger radius is needed, first search in the same row. If it can be found, the mold with that radius is also considered a standard mold.
If the required radius is not found, it can be considered as a non-standard mold.
Note:
Add "*" next to the radius shown in the table to indicate non-standard molds.
Add a "+" next to the radius shown in the table, or if the material is stainless steel. The radius is limited to the range of R225mm to R300mm.
Forged cast iron pipes with a diameter greater than 61mm or a diameter greater than 4mm behind the wall are not included in the table.
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